Chapter 7: Lifelines of National Economy Short Questions | geography Class 10 CBSE

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Question 1

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State three reasons why road transport has an advantage over rail transport in India.

Roads can be built at a much lower cost than railway lines and can traverse undulating, dissected or hilly terrain that is unsuitable for rail.
Road transport offers door-to-door service, reducing loading and unloading costs and making it more economical for small quantities over short distances.
Roads serve as feeder links to railway stations, airports and seaports, making them an essential complement to all other modes of transport.

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Question 2

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What is the Golden Quadrilateral Super Highway project? Name the cities it connects.

The Golden Quadrilateral is a major road development project of six-lane super highways linking four metropolitan cities of India.
It connects Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Mumbai, forming a quadrilateral across the country.
The project is implemented by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) with the objective of reducing time and distance between these mega cities.

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Question 3

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Distinguish between metalled and unmetalled roads.

Metalled roads are made of cement, concrete or bitumen and are all-weather roads that remain usable throughout the year including the rainy season.
Unmetalled roads lack a hard surface and go out of use in the rainy season due to waterlogging and mud.
Metalled roads are more durable and suitable for heavy traffic, whereas unmetalled roads are generally rural tracks connecting small villages to towns.

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Question 4

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When was the Border Roads Organisation established and what is its primary function?

The Border Roads Organisation (BRO) was established in 1960 as a Government of India undertaking.
Its primary function is to construct and maintain roads of strategic importance in the northern and north-eastern border areas of the country.
BRO has improved accessibility in difficult terrains and contributed to the economic development of border regions; it also built the Atal Tunnel (9.02 km), the world's longest highway tunnel.

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Question 5

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Mention three problems faced by Indian Railways.

Many passengers travel without tickets, causing significant revenue loss to the railways.
Theft and deliberate damage to railway property continue to be persistent problems.
Passengers frequently pull the chain unnecessarily and stop trains without valid reasons, causing delays and heavy losses to the railway system.

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Medium

Question 6

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State the significance of the Konkan Railway.

The Konkan Railway runs along the west coast of India and has facilitated the movement of passengers and goods in one of the most economically important regions of the country.
It connected areas that were earlier difficult to access due to the Sahyadri mountain ranges, which could only be crossed through gaps or passes (Ghats).
Despite challenges like track sinking and landslides in some stretches, it has boosted economic activity and improved regional connectivity significantly.

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Question 7

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Why is the distribution of the railway network in the northern plains denser compared to other regions?

The northern plains have vast level land that facilitates easier and cheaper construction of railway lines.
The region has high population density which justifies the demand and economic viability of rail services.
Rich agricultural resources in the plains generate substantial freight traffic, making railways economically profitable in this region.

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Question 8

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State three advantages of pipeline transport.

Pipeline transport eliminates trans-shipment losses and delays since the commodity flows continuously from source to destination.
Once laid, the running costs of pipelines are minimal compared to road or rail transport of equivalent volumes.
Pipelines can transport crude oil, natural gas, petroleum products and even slurry over long distances, including to inland locations like Barauni and Mathura that would be otherwise hard to serve.

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Question 9

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Describe the Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur (HVJ) pipeline network.

The HVJ pipeline was the first cross-country gas pipeline in India, originally 1,700 km long.
It linked Mumbai High and Bassein gas fields with fertilizer, power and industrial complexes in western and northern India.
Since its inception, India's gas pipeline infrastructure has expanded from 1,700 km to 18,500 km of cross-country pipelines.

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Question 10

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Why are waterways considered the most suitable mode for carrying heavy and bulky goods?

Waterways are the cheapest means of transport, making them ideal for goods where cost of movement is a key concern.
They are fuel-efficient and environment-friendly, supporting large-volume movement without significant energy expenditure.
Heavy and bulky goods such as iron ore, coal and grains can be loaded onto vessels in large quantities, reducing the per-unit transport cost substantially.

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Chapter 7: Lifelines of National Economy | Short Questions

State three reasons why road transport has an advantage over rail transport in India.

What is the Golden Quadrilateral Super Highway project? Name the cities it connects.

Distinguish between metalled and unmetalled roads.

When was the Border Roads Organisation established and what is its primary function?

Mention three problems faced by Indian Railways.

State the significance of the Konkan Railway.

Why is the distribution of the railway network in the northern plains denser compared to other regions?

State three advantages of pipeline transport.

Describe the Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur (HVJ) pipeline network.

Why are waterways considered the most suitable mode for carrying heavy and bulky goods?

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