Chapter 4: Food Security in India Case Study Questions | economics Class 9 CBSE

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Food security means availability, accessibility and affordability of food to all people at all times. It depends on food production, imports, and stocks, as well as people's capacity to buy food.

Question 1: Q1. What are the three dimensions of food security?

Availability – enough food produced or imported.
Accessibility – food must be within physical reach.
Affordability – people must have enough income to buy it.

Question 2: Q2. When can food security fail?

During natural calamities like droughts or floods.
When distribution fails or food prices rise sharply.
If people lose jobs or incomes and can't afford food.

Question 3: Q3. What does food security ensure beyond two meals?

It ensures regular access to nutritious and safe food.
Prevents malnutrition and hunger-related deaths.
Enables a healthy and active life for all citizens.

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The Bengal Famine of 1943 killed around 30 lakh people due to starvation and epidemics. Though rice production was not the lowest, food was inaccessible to the poor due to skyrocketing prices.

Question 1: Q1. Why was the Bengal famine not just due to low production?

Food was available but not affordable for the poor.
Prices increased drastically, making rice inaccessible.
Poor labourers and workers were most affected.

Question 2: Q2. What were the effects of the famine on families?

Starvation and migration from villages.
Deaths from contaminated food and water.
Loss of livelihoods for casual workers.

Question 3: Q3. What lessons were learned from the Bengal famine?

Food availability must be backed by access and affordability.
Need for government intervention in disasters.
Importance of a strong Public Distribution System (PDS).

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Ramu, a casual farm worker in Raipur, is employed only during sowing and harvesting. For the rest of the year, his income is inconsistent. His family struggles with food security during the off-season.

Question 1: Q1. Why is Ramu unemployed for four months a year?

Agriculture is seasonal – no work between harvests.
Farming activities are concentrated in specific periods.
Lack of alternate job opportunities in the village.

Question 2: Q2. What work does Ramu do when unemployed?

Searches for odd jobs like construction and bricklaying.
Relies on part-time work or family members’ earnings.
Faces long stretches without any income.

Question 3: Q3. What makes Ramu food-insecure?

No steady income to ensure daily meals.
Family lacks access to regular milk and vegetables.
High dependency on agricultural jobs and low pay.

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Ahmad, a rickshaw puller in Bangalore, has no stable income. He supports a large family and depends on a yellow ration card to buy subsidised wheat, rice, sugar and kerosene.

Question 1: Q1. What does Ahmad's yellow card help him with?

Allows him to buy food items at half market price.
Enables his family to survive despite low income.
Provides access to essentials like kerosene and sugar.

Question 2: Q2. How does Ahmad's story reflect urban food insecurity?

Irregular income affects his food purchasing power.
Lives in a jhuggi with a large dependent family.
Entire survival depends on daily earnings and ration card.

Question 3: Q3. Why is PDS critical for people like Ahmad?

Ensures food access despite unstable jobs.
Protects vulnerable families during inflation.
Reduces dependence on open market prices.

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Case Set 5

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Chronic hunger results from consistently inadequate food intake due to low income, while seasonal hunger arises from lack of work during specific times like the agricultural lean season.

Question 1: Q1. What is chronic hunger?

Long-term lack of sufficient nutritious food.
Caused by persistent poverty and unemployment.
Leads to malnutrition and poor health.

Question 2: Q2. What causes seasonal hunger?

Lack of income during non-farming months.
Irregular work for casual labourers during rainy seasons.
Short-term food unavailability linked to joblessness.

Question 3: Q3. How can hunger be eliminated?

Ensure year-round employment and food supply.
Implement effective food security schemes.
Raise awareness and improve purchasing power.

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Chapter sections

Chapter 4: Food Security in India | Case Study Questions

Passage

Question 1: Q1. What are the three dimensions of food security?

Question 2: Q2. When can food security fail?

Question 3: Q3. What does food security ensure beyond two meals?

Passage

Question 1: Q1. Why was the Bengal famine not just due to low production?

Question 2: Q2. What were the effects of the famine on families?

Question 3: Q3. What lessons were learned from the Bengal famine?

Passage

Question 1: Q1. Why is Ramu unemployed for four months a year?

Question 2: Q2. What work does Ramu do when unemployed?

Question 3: Q3. What makes Ramu food-insecure?

Passage

Question 1: Q1. What does Ahmad's yellow card help him with?

Question 2: Q2. How does Ahmad's story reflect urban food insecurity?

Question 3: Q3. Why is PDS critical for people like Ahmad?

Passage

Question 1: Q1. What is chronic hunger?

Question 2: Q2. What causes seasonal hunger?

Question 3: Q3. How can hunger be eliminated?

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