Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife Resources Short Questions | geography Class 10 CBSE

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Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife Resources Short Questions | geography Class 10 CBSE | ByteNotes.in

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Question 1

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What is biodiversity and why is it important for human survival?

Biodiversity refers to the variety of all living organisms — plants, animals, and micro-organisms — that are closely integrated through ecological interdependencies.
Plants, animals, and micro-organisms together maintain the quality of air, water, and soil, which are essential for human survival.
Biodiversity also preserves the genetic diversity of species needed for agricultural improvement, fisheries, and medicinal uses.

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Question 2

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State any three major threats to tiger population in India.

Poaching for trade — tiger skins and bones are illegally traded, especially in Asian countries where they are used in traditional medicines.
Shrinking habitat due to deforestation, agricultural expansion, and human settlements encroaching on forest areas.
Depletion of prey base species and growing human population pressure on forest lands further reduce tiger numbers.

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Question 3

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What are Sacred Groves? What is their significance in conservation?

Sacred Groves are patches of forest or parts of large forests left untouched by local communities based on tribal belief that all creations of nature must be protected.
These forests are dedicated to gods and goddesses, and any interference with them is strictly banned, preserving them in a pristine, virgin state.
They help conserve rare and diverse species and serve as a traditional, community-led form of biodiversity conservation.

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Question 4

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Distinguish between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests.

Reserved Forests constitute more than half of India's total forest land and are the most valuable for conservation of forest and wildlife resources.
Protected Forests account for about one-third of total forest area and are protected by the Forest Department from any further depletion.
Both Reserved and Protected Forests are permanent forest estates maintained for timber production, other forest produce, and protective purposes.

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Question 5

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When was Project Tiger launched and what was its main objective?

Project Tiger was launched in 1973 after it was found that the tiger population had dwindled to only 1,827 from an estimated 55,000 at the turn of the century.
Its main objective was to protect the declining tiger population by curbing poaching, protecting habitat, and preventing trade in tiger products.
It was also aimed at conserving the entire ecosystem associated with the tiger, not merely saving a single species.

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Question 6

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What is the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972? State its key provisions.

The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972 to check the rapid decline in wildlife population and protect natural habitats.
It banned hunting of protected species and gave legal protection to their habitats, while also restricting trade in wildlife and wildlife products.
An all-India list of protected species was published, and the Act provided for the establishment of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.

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Question 7

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What are Unclassed Forests? Give examples of states where they are prevalent.

Unclassed Forests are forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals or communities that are not classified as reserved or protected forests.
Eastern states and parts of Gujarat have a very high percentage of their forests as unclassed forests managed by local communities.
These forests often serve local community needs and are sometimes the subject of joint management agreements with the government.

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Question 8

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Why did India and Nepal become prime targets for poaching of tigers?

India and Nepal together provide habitat to about two-thirds of the surviving tiger population in the world, making them the most significant locations for tiger poaching.
Poachers targeted these countries because the trade in tiger skins was highly profitable, and tiger bones were in demand for traditional medicines in Asian countries.
The dense tiger populations in these nations made them attractive targets for illegal wildlife traders operating across borders.

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Question 9

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What is the Joint Forest Management (JFM) programme? When did it formally begin?

Joint Forest Management (JFM) is a programme that involves local village institutions in the protection and management of degraded forest lands managed by the Forest Department.
It formally came into existence in 1988 when the state of Odisha passed the first resolution for joint forest management.
In return for their protection activities, community members receive intermediary benefits such as non-timber forest produce and a share in the timber harvested through successful protection.

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Question 10

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Name any four animals that have been given legal protection under Indian wildlife laws.

The tiger, the one-horned rhinoceros, and the Kashmir stag (hangul) were among the first animals protected under the government's special projects.
Three types of crocodiles — freshwater crocodile, saltwater crocodile, and the Gharial — were given legal protection against hunting.
More recently, the Indian elephant, black buck (chinkara), great Indian bustard (godawan), and snow leopard have been given full or partial legal protection.

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Chapter 2: Forest and Wildlife Resources | Short Questions

What is biodiversity and why is it important for human survival?

State any three major threats to tiger population in India.

What are Sacred Groves? What is their significance in conservation?

Distinguish between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests.

When was Project Tiger launched and what was its main objective?

What is the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972? State its key provisions.

What are Unclassed Forests? Give examples of states where they are prevalent.

Why did India and Nepal become prime targets for poaching of tigers?

What is the Joint Forest Management (JFM) programme? When did it formally begin?

Name any four animals that have been given legal protection under Indian wildlife laws.

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