Chapter 6: Tissues Long Questions | science Class 9 CBSE

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Chapter 6: Tissues Long Questions | science Class 9 CBSE | ByteNotes.in

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Question 1

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Q1. What is a tissue? Why is the use of tissues important in multicellular organisms?

• A tissue is a group of cells similar in structure and function.
• Tissues allow division of labour and specialization in multicellular organisms.
• Different tissues perform different functions efficiently.
• They help in structural organization at the organ and system levels.
• Examples: Blood transports substances, muscle tissue enables movement.
• Tissues increase the efficiency of work by performing specific tasks.
• Multicellular organisms survive due to coordinated function of tissues.

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Question 2

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Q2. Compare the growth and tissue structure in plants and animals.

• Plants have localized growth regions due to meristematic tissues.
• Animal cell growth is more uniform throughout the body.
• Plants contain more dead tissues for support; animals have mostly living tissues.
• Plants are sedentary; hence need rigid support tissue.
• Animals move and require muscle and nerve tissues for locomotion and response.
• Structural organization is more complex in animals.
• Different growth patterns lead to different tissue organizations in plants and animals.

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Question 3

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Q3. Explain the different types of meristematic tissues in plants.

• Meristematic tissue is a dividing tissue responsible for plant growth.
• Apical meristem: Present at tips of roots and shoots; responsible for increase in length.
• Lateral meristem (cambium): Present on sides; increases girth of stems and roots.
• Intercalary meristem: Found near node; contributes to length of internodes.
• Cells are small, with dense cytoplasm, large nucleus, and lack vacuoles.
• Meristematic cells are undifferentiated and later form permanent tissues.
• Essential for both primary and secondary growth in plants.

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Question 4

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Q4. Describe parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma tissues and their functions.

• Parenchyma: Living, loosely packed cells with thin walls; stores food, helps in photosynthesis (chlorenchyma) or buoyancy (aerenchyma).
• Collenchyma: Living cells with thickened corners; provides flexibility and mechanical support to stems and petioles.
• Sclerenchyma: Dead cells with thick lignified walls; provides hardness and strength to plant parts like husk and seed coats.
• Parenchyma has intercellular spaces; collenchyma has minimal spaces; sclerenchyma has none.
• All three are types of simple permanent tissues.
• They perform structural and physiological functions in different plant parts.
• Present in various locations such as stems, leaves, and seed coverings.

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Question 5

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Q5. Explain the structure and function of xylem tissue.

• Xylem is a complex permanent tissue responsible for conduction of water and minerals.
• Made up of four types of cells: tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, xylem fibres.
• Tracheids and vessels are tubular and allow vertical water transport.
• Xylem parenchyma stores food and helps in lateral conduction.
• Xylem fibres are supportive in function.
• Most xylem elements are dead except parenchyma.
• Together, they form part of vascular bundles in plants.

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Question 6

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Q6. Explain the structure and function of phloem tissue.

• Phloem transports food from leaves to other parts of the plant.
• Made of sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres, phloem parenchyma, and sieve cells.
• Sieve tubes have perforated walls to allow food movement.
• Companion cells help in functioning of sieve tubes.
• Phloem fibres provide mechanical support.
• Most phloem elements are living except phloem fibres.
• Part of vascular tissue system in plants along with xylem.

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Question 7

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Q7. What is epidermis? Mention its structure and functions.

• Epidermis is the outer protective layer of plant organs like roots, stems, and leaves.
• It is a single-layered tissue with tightly packed cells and no intercellular space.
• In dry habitats, epidermis may be thicker and covered with a waxy cuticle.
• Epidermal cells may have extensions like root hairs for absorption.
• On leaves, it contains stomata for gas exchange and transpiration.
• Cells provide protection against water loss, injury, and pathogens.
• In mature plants, epidermis can be replaced by cork tissue.

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Question 8

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Q8. Describe cork tissue and its protective role in plants.

• Cork is a protective tissue that replaces epidermis in older plants.
• Formed by secondary meristem in the cortex.
• Made of dead cells with thick walls and no intercellular spaces.
• Contains suberin, making it impermeable to gases and water.
• Provides protection against water loss and mechanical damage.
• Commonly seen as bark in trees.
• Used commercially for insulation and sealing (e.g., bottle corks).

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Question 9

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Q9. Classify animal tissues and briefly describe their main types.

• Animal tissues are classified into four major types: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous.
• Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces and internal organs.
• Connective tissue connects and supports different body parts.
• Muscular tissue helps in movement through contraction and relaxation.
• Nervous tissue receives and transmits impulses.
• Each type has further subdivisions based on structure and function.
• These tissues coordinate to ensure proper functioning of animal bodies.
• Examples: blood (connective), muscles (muscular), neurons (nervous).

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Question 10

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Q10. Describe the structure and types of epithelial tissue with examples.

• Epithelial tissue forms protective and covering layers in animals.
• Cells are tightly packed with minimal intercellular space.
• Simple squamous: flat cells, found in blood vessels and alveoli.
• Stratified squamous: layered cells, found in skin and mouth lining.
• Cuboidal: cube-shaped, in kidney tubules and salivary ducts.
• Columnar: tall, pillar-like cells for absorption (e.g., intestine lining).
• Ciliated columnar: columnar with cilia in respiratory tract.
• Glandular epithelium: secretes substances like enzymes and mucus.

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Chapter 6: Tissues | Long Questions

Q1. What is a tissue? Why is the use of tissues important in multicellular organisms?

Q2. Compare the growth and tissue structure in plants and animals.

Q3. Explain the different types of meristematic tissues in plants.

Q4. Describe parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma tissues and their functions.

Q5. Explain the structure and function of xylem tissue.

Q6. Explain the structure and function of phloem tissue.

Q7. What is epidermis? Mention its structure and functions.

Q8. Describe cork tissue and its protective role in plants.

Q9. Classify animal tissues and briefly describe their main types.

Q10. Describe the structure and types of epithelial tissue with examples.

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