Chapter 2: People as Resource Long Questions | economics Class 9 CBSE

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Chapter 2: People as Resource Long Questions | economics Class 9 CBSE | ByteNotes.in

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Question 1

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Q1. Explain the concept of 'People as Resource'.

• Refers to the working population of a country in terms of their productive skills.
• Treats population as an asset, not a liability.
• Emphasizes the role of education, health, and training in turning people into human capital.
• Human capital contributes to the Gross National Product (GNP).
• Investment in human capital yields economic returns just like physical capital.
• Skilled and educated people are more productive.
• Example: India’s Green and IT Revolutions.
• This perspective encourages policies for better health and education.

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Question 2

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Q2. How does investment in human capital benefit individuals and society?

• Leads to higher productivity and income for individuals.
• Reduces poverty by enhancing earning potential.
• Creates a more skilled and innovative workforce.
• Improves health and education levels in society.
• Generates positive externalities—benefits extend to others too.
• Encourages social mobility and equality.
• Strengthens economic development and national progress.
• Creates a virtuous cycle of growth across generations.

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Question 3

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Q3. Compare the life journeys of Sakal and Vilas.

• Sakal received education and vocational training; Vilas did not.
• Sakal had access to healthcare and was healthy; Vilas suffered from arthritis.
• Sakal got a job and designed software; Vilas sold fish like his mother.
• Sakal’s education led to productivity and promotion.
• Vilas faced poor income and no job security.
• Sakal’s case shows how investment in education changes lives.
• Vilas’s case shows the consequence of lack of investment.
• Highlights the need for equal opportunities in education and healthcare.

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Question 4

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Q4. What is meant by human capital formation?

• The process of developing human skills through education, health, and training.
• Enhances the productivity and earning capacity of people.
• Adds to the stock of economically useful human resources.
• Results in greater national output and income.
• Comparable to investment in physical capital (like machines, buildings).
• Helps in innovation and technological advancement.
• Improves efficiency in the use of land and other resources.
• Essential for sustainable economic development.

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Question 5

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Q5. What are economic activities? How are they classified?

• Economic activities are actions that result in production of goods and services.
• They contribute to national income.
• Classified into three sectors: primary, secondary, and tertiary.
• Primary: Agriculture, fishing, mining, etc.
• Secondary: Manufacturing and industrial work.
• Tertiary: Services like banking, education, healthcare, and transport.
• Further divided into market (for pay) and non-market (self-use) activities.
• All sectors are essential for economic growth.

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Question 6

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Q6. Why is education important for economic development?

• Enhances skill levels and knowledge.
• Increases employability and productivity.
• Improves decision-making and innovation.
• Contributes to national income and better governance.
• Encourages social awareness and responsible citizenship.
• Reduces poverty and unemployment.
• Facilitates social mobility and gender equality.
• Countries with high literacy (like Japan) show stronger development.

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Question 7

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Q7. Explain the role of health in human capital development.

• Healthy people are more productive and efficient.
• Reduces absenteeism and medical costs.
• Increases working capacity and life expectancy.
• Enhances overall quality of life.
• National policies prioritize healthcare and nutrition.
• Investments in health improve economic growth.
• Healthier populations reduce dependency ratios.
• Enables people to realize their full potential.

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Question 8

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Q8. Discuss gender inequality in employment and wages.

• Women are often employed in low-paid, insecure jobs.
• Many women work in the informal sector without benefits.
• Education and skill gaps contribute to wage disparities.
• Domestic work by women is unpaid and unrecognized.
• Legal protections for women are often weak.
• High-skilled women earn at par with men.
• Sectors like teaching and healthcare attract more women.
• Gender equality can be improved through education and awareness.

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Question 9

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Q9. What is meant by quality of population? How is it measured?

• Refers to the educational and health status of the population.
• High-quality population is productive and skilled.
• Measured by literacy rate, life expectancy, and skill formation.
• Directly affects national growth and development.
• Healthy and literate individuals contribute more effectively.
• Poor quality leads to low productivity and poverty.
• Influenced by government policies in health and education.
• Essential for building human capital.

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Question 10

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Q10. What are the major government initiatives to improve education?

• Universal access to elementary education, especially for girls.
• Navodaya Vidyalayas in every district.
• Vocational streams in high school.
• Mid-day meal scheme for better nutrition and retention.
• Samagra Shiksha for pre-school to Class XII education.
• Budgetary allocation increased to ₹99,300 crore (2020–21).
• Literacy rate increased from 18% (1951) to 85% (2018).
• Focus on inclusive, equitable, and quality education.

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Chapter sections

Chapter 2: People as Resource | Long Questions

Q1. Explain the concept of 'People as Resource'.

Q2. How does investment in human capital benefit individuals and society?

Q3. Compare the life journeys of Sakal and Vilas.

Q4. What is meant by human capital formation?

Q5. What are economic activities? How are they classified?

Q6. Why is education important for economic development?

Q7. Explain the role of health in human capital development.

Q8. Discuss gender inequality in employment and wages.

Q9. What is meant by quality of population? How is it measured?

Q10. What are the major government initiatives to improve education?

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