Chapter 5: Minerals and Energy Resources Short Questions | geography Class 10 CBSE

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Chapter 5: Minerals and Energy Resources Short Questions | geography Class 10 CBSE | ByteNotes.in

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Question 1

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What is a mineral as defined by geologists?

A mineral is a homogenous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure.
Minerals are found in varied forms in nature, ranging from the hardest diamond to the softest talc.
They are formed under specific physical and chemical conditions that determine their colour, hardness, crystal form, lustre, and density.

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Question 2

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How do minerals occur in igneous and metamorphic rocks?

In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals occur in cracks, crevices, faults, or joints as veins (smaller) and lodes (larger).
They are formed when minerals in liquid, molten, or gaseous form are forced upward through cavities towards the earth's surface.
Major metallic minerals like tin, copper, zinc, and lead are obtained from veins and lodes.

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Question 3

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What are placer deposits and which minerals are found in them?

Placer deposits are alluvial mineral deposits found in the sands of valley floors and at the base of hills.
They generally contain minerals that are not corroded by water.
Gold, silver, tin, and platinum are the most important minerals found in placer deposits.

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Question 4

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Distinguish between ferrous and non-ferrous minerals with examples.

Ferrous minerals contain iron as a component; examples include iron ore and manganese.
Non-ferrous minerals do not contain iron; examples include copper, bauxite, lead, zinc, and gold.
Ferrous minerals account for about three-fourths of the total value of metallic mineral production and provide a base for metallurgical industries.

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Question 5

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What is the difference between magnetite and hematite iron ore?

Magnetite is the finest iron ore with a very high iron content of up to 70 per cent and has excellent magnetic qualities, making it especially valuable in the electrical industry.
Hematite is the most important industrial iron ore in terms of quantity used but has a slightly lower iron content of 50–60 per cent.
While magnetite is valued for its magnetic properties, hematite is more widely used commercially due to its abundance.

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Question 6

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Why is the Bailadila range of hills in Chhattisgarh significant for iron ore production?

The Bailadila range of hills in the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh contains 14 deposits of super high-grade hematite iron ore.
The ore from these mines has the best physical properties needed for steel making.
Iron ore from the Bailadila mines is exported to Japan and South Korea via Vishakhapatnam port.

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Question 7

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What are the major uses of manganese as a mineral resource?

Manganese is mainly used in the manufacturing of steel and ferro-manganese alloy; nearly 10 kg of manganese is required to manufacture one tonne of steel.
It is also used in manufacturing bleaching powder, insecticides, and paints.
Manganese is classified as a ferrous mineral and is an important industrial mineral for metallurgical processes.

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Question 8

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State two properties of copper that make it industrially valuable and name its major mining areas in India.

Copper is malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of electricity, making it essential for electrical cables, electronics, and chemical industries.
The Balaghat mines in Madhya Pradesh and Khetri mines in Rajasthan are major copper-producing areas.
The Singhbhum district of Jharkhand is also a leading producer of copper in India.

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Question 9

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How is bauxite formed and why is aluminium derived from it considered an important metal?

Bauxite is formed by the decomposition of a wide variety of rocks rich in aluminium silicates, leaving a residual mass of weathered material.
Aluminium derived from bauxite combines the strength of metals like iron with extreme lightness, good conductivity, and great malleability.
The largest bauxite-producing state in India in 2018–19 was Odisha, with Panchpatmali deposits in Koraput district being the most important.

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Question 10

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Why is mica considered indispensable for the electrical and electronic industries?

Mica has excellent di-electric strength, low power loss factor, insulating properties, and resistance to high voltage.
These properties make mica one of the most indispensable minerals used in electric and electronic industries.
Mica splits easily into extremely thin sheets — a thousand sheets can be layered into just a few centimeters — and can be clear, black, green, red, yellow, or brown.

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Chapter 5: Minerals and Energy Resources | Short Questions

What is a mineral as defined by geologists?

How do minerals occur in igneous and metamorphic rocks?

What are placer deposits and which minerals are found in them?

Distinguish between ferrous and non-ferrous minerals with examples.

What is the difference between magnetite and hematite iron ore?

Why is the Bailadila range of hills in Chhattisgarh significant for iron ore production?

What are the major uses of manganese as a mineral resource?

State two properties of copper that make it industrially valuable and name its major mining areas in India.

How is bauxite formed and why is aluminium derived from it considered an important metal?

Why is mica considered indispensable for the electrical and electronic industries?

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